Maxillary first molar, the '6-year molar', is the tooth largest in volume and most complex in root and root canal anatomy. Therefore, maxillary first molar is possibly the most treated, least understood. It is the posterior tooth with the highest endodontic failure rate and unquestionably one of the most important tooth. The earliest permanent posterior tooth to erupt, the mandibular first molar seems to be the most frequently in need of endodontic treatment. So endodontically, the maxillary first molar and mandibular first molar are one of the most presents a variety of considerations for the treating practitioner. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency with a fourth canal is clinically lacated, instrumented and obtruated in maxillary and mandibular first molar. This is an important finding for the general practitioner and endodontist alike, as clinical success is directly related to the complete debridement and obturation of the root canal system. Clinically, the results indicate that it can be located, instumented and filled at least 25.8(maxillary molar)percent and 52.4(mandibular molar)percent of the time. The though clinician must assume all maxillary and mandibular first molars have four canals until proven otherwise.
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